This World Bank blog post explores the devastating impact of witchcraft accusations on vulnerable communities, particularly in Africa, and highlights the research contributions of Ted Miguel and Raymond Fisman. Drawing on their collaborative work in Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations, the post emphasizes how economic instability, resource scarcity, and weak institutions fuel harmful practices like witchcraft accusations. Miguel and Fisman’s research provides critical insights into the socio-economic roots of such beliefs and underscores the need for evidence-based solutions, including education, legal reforms, and community engagement. Their work offers a compelling framework for addressing these challenges while promoting social cohesion and protecting human rights.